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A Slacks Based Measure of Efficiency in Data Envelopment Analysis TONE, Kaoru DEA efficiency slacks profit unit invariant monotone returns to scale In this paper, we will propose a Slacks-Based measure (SBM) of efficiency in DEA. This scalar measure deals directly with the input surplus and the output shortage of the decision making unit (DMU) concerned. It is unit invariant and monotone decreasing with respect to input surplus and output shortage. Furthermore, this measure is decided only by consulting with the reference set of the DMU and is not affected by statistics over the whole data set. The new measure has a close connection with other measures proposed so far, e.g., CCR and BCC. The dual side of this model can be interpreted as profit maximization, in contrast to the ratio maximization of the CCR model. Numerical experiments show its validity as an efficiency measurement tool and its compatibility with other measures of efficiency. First Version: August 1, 1997 / Second Version: August 15, 1997 / Third Version: November 14, 1997 departmental bulletin paper Technology Policy Science, Saitama Univ 1997-11-14 AM application/pdf Institute for Policy Science research report. B B-2 97 https://grips.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/1392/files/97-B-2.pdf https://grips.repo.nii.ac.jp/records/1392 eng https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(99)00407-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(99)00407-5