{"created":"2023-06-20T15:03:06.410044+00:00","id":1065,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"a6096921-2526-47dc-b63d-f1ed7d43cc63"},"_deposit":{"created_by":16,"id":"1065","owners":[16],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"1065"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:grips.repo.nii.ac.jp:00001065","sets":["1:21"]},"author_link":["6625"],"item_12_description_22":{"attribute_name":"著者情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"https://www.grips.ac.jp/list/jp/facultyinfo/sonobe_tetsushi/","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_12_description_6":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"In industrial clusters, transaction costs are kept low and free riding is discouraged by a community mechanism developed through dense and repeated interactions among entrepreneurs. In such environments, new entrants without established reputations and connections are put at a distinct disadvantage. This negative effect on new entry must be neutralized for an industrial cluster to expand. Using enterprise level data from Pakistan, this study finds that personal networks are indeed important for successful enterprise operation, which works to the advantage of incumbents, but that subcontracting plays the role of virtual incubation in nurturing new enterprises, reinforcing the cluster’s dynamism.","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_12_description_7":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"JEL Classification Codes: O14, O53","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_12_description_8":{"attribute_name":"分野","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"経済学 / Economics","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_12_full_name_3":{"attribute_name":"著者別名","attribute_value_mlt":[{"nameIdentifiers":[{"nameIdentifier":"6625","nameIdentifierScheme":"WEKO"}],"names":[{"name":"園部, 哲史","nameLang":"ja"}]}]},"item_12_identifier_registration":{"attribute_name":"ID登録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_identifier_reg_text":"10.24545/00001065","subitem_identifier_reg_type":"JaLC"}]},"item_12_publisher_12":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"GRIPS Policy Research Center ","subitem_publisher_language":"en"}]},"item_12_relation_16":{"attribute_name":"関連サイト","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_relation_name":[{"subitem_relation_name_text":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/ngi/dpaper/11-08.html"}],"subitem_relation_type":"isIdenticalTo","subitem_relation_type_id":{"subitem_relation_type_id_text":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/ngi/dpaper/11-08.html","subitem_relation_type_select":"URI"}}]},"item_12_text_10":{"attribute_name":"発行年","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"2011-08"}]},"item_12_text_5":{"attribute_name":"著者所属","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"Federal Bureau of Statistics, Pakistan"},{"subitem_text_value":"政策研究大学院大学 / National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies "}]},"item_12_version_type_19":{"attribute_name":"著者版フラグ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_version_resource":"http://purl.org/coar/version/c_ab4af688f83e57aa","subitem_version_type":"AM"}]},"item_1693541285410":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2011-08-10","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicVolumeNumber":"DP11-08","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"GRIPS Discussion Papers","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"ARIF, Babur Wasim","creatorNameLang":"en"}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"SONOBE, Tetsushi","creatorNameLang":"en"}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_access","filename":"DP11-08.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"435.1 kB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"DP11-08.pdf","url":"https://grips.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/1065/files/DP11-08.pdf"},"version_id":"fa07e013-de36-4730-94eb-479bcb416331"}]},"item_keyword":{"attribute_name":"キーワード","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_subject":"South Asia","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"Pakistan","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"industrial cluster","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"social capital","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"},{"subitem_subject":"subcontracting","subitem_subject_scheme":"Other"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"eng"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"technical report"}]},"item_title":"Virtual Incubation in Industrial Clusters: A Case Study in Pakistan","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"Virtual Incubation in Industrial Clusters: A Case Study in Pakistan","subitem_title_language":"en"}]},"item_type_id":"12","owner":"16","path":["21"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"PubDate","attribute_value":"2011-08-10"},"publish_date":"2011-08-10","publish_status":"0","recid":"1065","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["Virtual Incubation in Industrial Clusters: A Case Study in Pakistan"],"weko_creator_id":"16","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-11-20T08:54:09.149373+00:00"}